When the U.S. Congress passed its omnibus spending and COVID relief bill last month, plenty of people noted that it had a surprising amount for environmentalists to celebrate. Among the topline climate provisions: significant limits on a potent greenhouse gas found in refrigerants, new funds for wind and solar development, and an extension of the 45Q tax credit, which gives companies a tax break for capturing carbon.
There’s no doubt carbon capture is an industry in need of a jump start. If the world is going to meet its goal to keep temperature rise under 2° Celsius compared to preindustrial levels, everyone from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to the International Energy Agency agrees the world must capture and store much more carbon than we currently do. According to the IEA, we probably need to capture between 10 percent and 20 percent of the roughly 35 billion metric tons of carbon we produce annually if we want to prevent the worst effects of climate change.
Mr. Klein is a partner at Kensington Capital Advisors, an independent derivative advisory firm representing borrowers who need advice and counsel related to interest rate, commodity and foreign exchange derivative applications. The practice is national in scope and the Company’s clients operate as non-for-profit (501c3) and municipal organizations, government sponsored entities, tax credit investors, investment banks, and both conventional and non-for-profit real estate developers.Prior to his work at Kensington Capital Advisors, Mr. Klein was a derivative specialist on Bank of America’s derivative trading desk starting in 1995. The client base served by this group encompassed indirect issuers of tax-exempt and taxable municipal debt and public finance professionals, including municipal bond underwriters, financial advisors, municipal reinvestment brokers and bond counsels. The group was responsible for all tax-exempt liability hedging such as swaps for VRDN’s and forward issued municipal bonds. In addition, the group was responsible for all derivative investment products for municipal bond proceeds including forward supply agreements, GIC’s and flexible repurchase agreements for construction funds, reserve funds, debt service funds, escrows, etc.Mr. Klein joined Bank of America (formerly NationsBank) in 1993, after two years with PNC Financial Corporation in the Investment Management and Trust Division. In 1995, Jeff began with the Interest Rate Risk Management Group after working for two years as an analyst in the Bank’s Corporate Finance Department focusing on relationships throughout the southeast and also within industry groups such as Forest Products and Textiles. Mr. Klein’s educational accomplishments include a BS in Business Economics and International Finance from Brown University (1990) and the Danish International School of Business in Copenhagen, Denmark (1988). He has received his series 6, 7 & 63 securities licenses as well as the Chartered Financial Analyst™ (CFA®) designation.
Carl Mazzanti is the founder and CEO of eMazzanti Technologies. His firm specializes in multi-site implementations, outsourced network management, remote monitoring, and support based on Microsoft and related technologies for customers ranging from home office to high-end retail and multinational corporations.
Sean W. Glynn is a partner at Arent Fox LLP and focuses on nonprofit representation. He has significant experience in complex financings, including the securities, corporate, tax and real estate issues that arise in such transactions.
Currently the world captures about 40 million tons a year — a mere tenth of 1 percent of our total annual emissions. The global carbon capture industry is so small, in fact, that the U.S., which has just a dozen commercial facilities working, is its undisputed leader.
There are many reasons why carbon capture hasn’t taken off, but the primary one is that it’s expensive, and for a long time there was no incentive for big emitters such as oil refineries or cement makers to invest in making the technology profitable. In theory, that changed in 2018, when Congress greatly expanded the 45Q tax credit to allow companies to deduct as much as $50 (up from $20) per metric ton of carbon captured and stored permanently underground.
But the expansion came with a catch: It applied only to projects that had begun construction by 2023.
Carbon capture projects are very complicated. According to the Carbon Capture Coalition (CCC), it takes about five years on average just to get permitting to begin construction.
You see the problem. In the two years since 45Q was expanded — with great expectations that it would inspire lots of new projects — none have launched. Brad Crabtree, director of CCC, said several dozen are in the development stage, but many of these are now at risk of being abandoned since COVID has depressed the oil and gas market.
So, Congress stepped in again. Not only did it extend the tax credit out to 2025, the funding bill also added about $2 billion to fund six projects to demonstrate real world operability of innovative new carbon capture technologies. Significantly, two of those are reserved for steel and cement plants, as opposed to utilities, where previous investments have led to big failures. Currently there’s only one steel plant in the world with carbon capture, in Abu Dhabi, and the first cement factory with carbon capture is set to be built in Norway.
What can taxpayers realistically hope to get from their investment? Crabtree said that it will be a good thing if roughly 30 new projects, nearly triple the country’s current capacity, become operational. While that won’t capture nearly enough carbon in the short run, it might be enough to nurture a struggling industry, much the way tax credits in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 helped accelerate wind and solar.
“The whole point of the credit is to prove the technology works and costs can be lowered so a virtuous circle of investing and building can begin,” Crabtree said. “We can then ramp up in 2035."