When the U.S. Congress passed its omnibus spending and COVID relief bill last month, plenty of people noted that it had a surprising amount for environmentalists to celebrate. Among the topline climate provisions: significant limits on a potent greenhouse gas found in refrigerants, new funds for wind and solar development, and an extension of the 45Q tax credit, which gives companies a tax break for capturing carbon.
There’s no doubt carbon capture is an industry in need of a jump start. If the world is going to meet its goal to keep temperature rise under 2° Celsius compared to preindustrial levels, everyone from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to the International Energy Agency agrees the world must capture and store much more carbon than we currently do. According to the IEA, we probably need to capture between 10 percent and 20 percent of the roughly 35 billion metric tons of carbon we produce annually if we want to prevent the worst effects of climate change.
Joe David is the founder of Nephos Group and Myna, the leading global crypto accounting experts, supporting entrepreneurs and business owners to take control of their finances whilst gaining insights into their business and financial operations.
Tom Neill was managing shareholder of Finney, Neill & Co. His 40-plus years in public accounting primarily focused on assurance and attest services as well as financial statement preparation and business consulting experience in a large variety of industries. His experience also includes working with business and individual tax matters. He also teaches continuing education courses in regulatory ethics.
He is a member of the AICPA's National Pipeline Advisory Group; current chair of the AICPA Uniform Accountancy Act Committee; and a member of the NASBA Peer Review Compliance Committee. He spent nine years on the Washington State Board of Accountancy (including two years as board chair); and is a past-member of the NASBA Ethics and Professional Issues Committee, a past member of the AICPA Professional Ethics Executive Committee, and past president of the Washington Society of CPAs. He graduated from the University of Washington in 1980 and received his CPA license in 1983.
Denise M. Tyson is the CEO and founder of Schaefer City Technologies. Tyson is a financial and operational management executive with extensive experience in the insurance industry, including insurtech startups, mergers/acquisitions, reorganizations, and financially challenging situations. She has held C-level positions with multiple insurance companies since 2000. She was the founder of Simplicity, Inc. an insurtech startup focused on pay-as-you-go personal auto insurance; the president of Go Insurance Company, part of a fully integrated insurtech organization; and the first EVP and CFO of Doma (fka States Title, Inc.) an insurtech company transforming the title industry.
Tyson started her finance and accounting career in public accounting in New York City working for KPMG and went on to work with PwC in Los Angeles as a Senior Manager leading their Financial Services team before launching into the insurance and insurtech industries. Tyson is a Certified Public Accountant. She holds a Bachelor of Science in Accountancy from Villanova University and an MBA from the UCLA Anderson School of Management.
Currently the world captures about 40 million tons a year — a mere tenth of 1 percent of our total annual emissions. The global carbon capture industry is so small, in fact, that the U.S., which has just a dozen commercial facilities working, is its undisputed leader.
There are many reasons why carbon capture hasn’t taken off, but the primary one is that it’s expensive, and for a long time there was no incentive for big emitters such as oil refineries or cement makers to invest in making the technology profitable. In theory, that changed in 2018, when Congress greatly expanded the 45Q tax credit to allow companies to deduct as much as $50 (up from $20) per metric ton of carbon captured and stored permanently underground.
But the expansion came with a catch: It applied only to projects that had begun construction by 2023.
Carbon capture projects are very complicated. According to the Carbon Capture Coalition (CCC), it takes about five years on average just to get permitting to begin construction.
You see the problem. In the two years since 45Q was expanded — with great expectations that it would inspire lots of new projects — none have launched. Brad Crabtree, director of CCC, said several dozen are in the development stage, but many of these are now at risk of being abandoned since COVID has depressed the oil and gas market.
So, Congress stepped in again. Not only did it extend the tax credit out to 2025, the funding bill also added about $2 billion to fund six projects to demonstrate real world operability of innovative new carbon capture technologies. Significantly, two of those are reserved for steel and cement plants, as opposed to utilities, where previous investments have led to big failures. Currently there’s only one steel plant in the world with carbon capture, in Abu Dhabi, and the first cement factory with carbon capture is set to be built in Norway.
What can taxpayers realistically hope to get from their investment? Crabtree said that it will be a good thing if roughly 30 new projects, nearly triple the country’s current capacity, become operational. While that won’t capture nearly enough carbon in the short run, it might be enough to nurture a struggling industry, much the way tax credits in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 helped accelerate wind and solar.
“The whole point of the credit is to prove the technology works and costs can be lowered so a virtuous circle of investing and building can begin,” Crabtree said. “We can then ramp up in 2035."