When the U.S. Congress passed its omnibus spending and COVID relief bill last month, plenty of people noted that it had a surprising amount for environmentalists to celebrate. Among the topline climate provisions: significant limits on a potent greenhouse gas found in refrigerants, new funds for wind and solar development, and an extension of the 45Q tax credit, which gives companies a tax break for capturing carbon.
There’s no doubt carbon capture is an industry in need of a jump start. If the world is going to meet its goal to keep temperature rise under 2° Celsius compared to preindustrial levels, everyone from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to the International Energy Agency agrees the world must capture and store much more carbon than we currently do. According to the IEA, we probably need to capture between 10 percent and 20 percent of the roughly 35 billion metric tons of carbon we produce annually if we want to prevent the worst effects of climate change.
Noah Lang is a champion of health care access & coverage for underserved, low-income Americans who are often left out of the traditional employer benefits safety net. He is the co-founder and CEO of Stride Health, which has helped over 3 million gig workers and self-employed Americans access coverage. Stride is building an individualized portable benefits system in concert with brands including Amazon, Uber, DoorDash, Mastercard, Allstate, Oscar and Intuit. Noah collaborated with the US Department of Health & Human Services to help establish a unique public-private sector partnership to expand access to Affordable Care Act health coverage and premium tax credits called "Enhanced Direct Enrollment," which is now used by millions of ACA enrollees. Noah was a President's Scholar at Stanford University where he graduated with a degree in Product Design and was captain of the Stanford Triathlon Team. Noah is a proud father of 2 girls, an avid runner and endurance sports junkie.
Simon C. Mathews, MD, is an assistant professor of medicine at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and a researcher focusing on understanding and improving the quality of digital health. He also serves on the clinical advisory board of Vivante Health, a digital health company dedicated to helping employers improve digestive disease outcomes and reduce the cost of care.
Anthony J. Pugliese, CIA, CPA, CGMA, CITP is president and CEO of The Institute of Internal Auditors (The IIA), an international professional association that serves more than 265,000 global members.
Currently the world captures about 40 million tons a year — a mere tenth of 1 percent of our total annual emissions. The global carbon capture industry is so small, in fact, that the U.S., which has just a dozen commercial facilities working, is its undisputed leader.
There are many reasons why carbon capture hasn’t taken off, but the primary one is that it’s expensive, and for a long time there was no incentive for big emitters such as oil refineries or cement makers to invest in making the technology profitable. In theory, that changed in 2018, when Congress greatly expanded the 45Q tax credit to allow companies to deduct as much as $50 (up from $20) per metric ton of carbon captured and stored permanently underground.
But the expansion came with a catch: It applied only to projects that had begun construction by 2023.
Carbon capture projects are very complicated. According to the Carbon Capture Coalition (CCC), it takes about five years on average just to get permitting to begin construction.
You see the problem. In the two years since 45Q was expanded — with great expectations that it would inspire lots of new projects — none have launched. Brad Crabtree, director of CCC, said several dozen are in the development stage, but many of these are now at risk of being abandoned since COVID has depressed the oil and gas market.
So, Congress stepped in again. Not only did it extend the tax credit out to 2025, the funding bill also added about $2 billion to fund six projects to demonstrate real world operability of innovative new carbon capture technologies. Significantly, two of those are reserved for steel and cement plants, as opposed to utilities, where previous investments have led to big failures. Currently there’s only one steel plant in the world with carbon capture, in Abu Dhabi, and the first cement factory with carbon capture is set to be built in Norway.
What can taxpayers realistically hope to get from their investment? Crabtree said that it will be a good thing if roughly 30 new projects, nearly triple the country’s current capacity, become operational. While that won’t capture nearly enough carbon in the short run, it might be enough to nurture a struggling industry, much the way tax credits in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 helped accelerate wind and solar.
“The whole point of the credit is to prove the technology works and costs can be lowered so a virtuous circle of investing and building can begin,” Crabtree said. “We can then ramp up in 2035."