When the U.S. Congress passed its omnibus spending and COVID relief bill last month, plenty of people noted that it had a surprising amount for environmentalists to celebrate. Among the topline climate provisions: significant limits on a potent greenhouse gas found in refrigerants, new funds for wind and solar development, and an extension of the 45Q tax credit, which gives companies a tax break for capturing carbon.
There’s no doubt carbon capture is an industry in need of a jump start. If the world is going to meet its goal to keep temperature rise under 2° Celsius compared to preindustrial levels, everyone from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to the International Energy Agency agrees the world must capture and store much more carbon than we currently do. According to the IEA, we probably need to capture between 10 percent and 20 percent of the roughly 35 billion metric tons of carbon we produce annually if we want to prevent the worst effects of climate change.
Michael Holmstrom, audit manager at Marks Paneth LLP in the Real Estate Group, is a New York CPA and has received his M.S in Accounting from SUNY Old Westbury. In addition to real-estate, Michael also has an extensive auditing background in construction, manufacturing and distribution, healthcare, food and beverage and architecture and engineering. Over the past few years, Michael has helped to prepare his firm for the future of auditing by researching audit technology and gaining an understanding of how data analytics can start to help his firm become more efficient. In addition, with the use of Excel and other software, he has helped develop some efficiencies in the audit practice.
Stefan is one of the co-founders and now Senior Product Owner for TeamMate Analytics. He began his career as an Auditor at KPMG. During 9 years there, he also spent time in Internal Audit, Forensics, Transaction Services and Management Consulting working with a wide range of clients from small owner-managed businesses to FTSE 100 companies. Stefan has a huge passion for Data Analytics and increasing its use in auditing.
Kim Conaway, CPA is a Product Manager for the Accounting and Audit Solutions. Kim has been with CCH
since 2003. During her time at CCH Kim spent almost six years on the Engagement Training and
Consulting Team helping hundreds of accounting firms improve their processes through technology and
efficient audit techniques. This experience gives Kim a unique understanding of the needs and best
practices for firms of all sizes in her current role as and the Product Manager for Engagement,
Engagement Organizer, Knowledge Coach and TeamMate Analytics. Prior to joining CCH Kim spent over
four years in public accounting working for two local Pittsburgh firms focusing primarily on audits,
reviews and compilations of commercial, not for profit, and governmental entities.
Currently the world captures about 40 million tons a year — a mere tenth of 1 percent of our total annual emissions. The global carbon capture industry is so small, in fact, that the U.S., which has just a dozen commercial facilities working, is its undisputed leader.
There are many reasons why carbon capture hasn’t taken off, but the primary one is that it’s expensive, and for a long time there was no incentive for big emitters such as oil refineries or cement makers to invest in making the technology profitable. In theory, that changed in 2018, when Congress greatly expanded the 45Q tax credit to allow companies to deduct as much as $50 (up from $20) per metric ton of carbon captured and stored permanently underground.
But the expansion came with a catch: It applied only to projects that had begun construction by 2023.
Carbon capture projects are very complicated. According to the Carbon Capture Coalition (CCC), it takes about five years on average just to get permitting to begin construction.
You see the problem. In the two years since 45Q was expanded — with great expectations that it would inspire lots of new projects — none have launched. Brad Crabtree, director of CCC, said several dozen are in the development stage, but many of these are now at risk of being abandoned since COVID has depressed the oil and gas market.
So, Congress stepped in again. Not only did it extend the tax credit out to 2025, the funding bill also added about $2 billion to fund six projects to demonstrate real world operability of innovative new carbon capture technologies. Significantly, two of those are reserved for steel and cement plants, as opposed to utilities, where previous investments have led to big failures. Currently there’s only one steel plant in the world with carbon capture, in Abu Dhabi, and the first cement factory with carbon capture is set to be built in Norway.
What can taxpayers realistically hope to get from their investment? Crabtree said that it will be a good thing if roughly 30 new projects, nearly triple the country’s current capacity, become operational. While that won’t capture nearly enough carbon in the short run, it might be enough to nurture a struggling industry, much the way tax credits in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 helped accelerate wind and solar.
“The whole point of the credit is to prove the technology works and costs can be lowered so a virtuous circle of investing and building can begin,” Crabtree said. “We can then ramp up in 2035."