The staff of the American Institute of CPAs, the International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants and the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board have jointly released guidance on the use of specialists in COVID-19 environment, including some considerations involving the use of specialists when auditing financial statements during the pandemic.
The staff guidance, released Tuesday, aims to help accountants and auditors determine when there might be a need to use the services of a specialist to help them perform specific tasks and other professional activities within their own organizations, as well as when they serve their clients during the COVID-19 pandemic. The publication discusses some of the ethical considerations for accountants to think about when using a specialist, along with some of the circumstances that indicate a need for a specialist when auditing financial statements.
The novel coronavirus pandemic has forced many accountants and auditors to work remotely, as well as curtailed travel to client locations, particularly those located abroad, when travel restrictions remain in place in many countries.
Dominic Frederico is President and Chief Executive Officer of Assured Guaranty Ltd., a position he has held since December 2003. During his tenure, Assured Guaranty became the leading provider of municipal bond insurance and financial guarantees. Assured Guaranty completed its initial public offering in 2004 under his leadership, and, in 2009, acquired the financial guaranty insurance company now named Assured Guaranty Municipal, thereby merging the only two monoline insurers to continue writing policies before, during and after the Great Recession.Mr. Frederico has supervised the operations of Assured Guaranty since its acquisition in 1999 by ACE Limited, where he was Vice Chairman, and also served as Chairman of ACE Financial Services, ACE INA and ACE USA. He worked at ACE for nine years prior to his post at Assured Guaranty, progressing to increasingly senior positions, including: President & CEO, ACE Bermuda; Chairman, President & CEO, ACE INA Holdings; and President & Chief Operating Officer, ACE Limited. He oversaw the successful acquisition and integration of the domestic and international property casualty operations acquired by ACE from CIGNA Corporation in July 1999 and the acquisition of Capital Re Corp., the predecessor company to Assured Guaranty, in December 1999.Prior to joining ACE, Mr. Frederico spent 13 years working for various subsidiaries of the American International Group.Mr. Frederico holds an M.B.A. in Finance and a B.S. from Drexel University, as well as a Certified Public Accountant�s designation in the State of Pennsylvania. In addition to his professional responsibilities, he is a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and the Pennsylvania Institute of Certified Public Accountants.�
Christine has significant experience serving as bond counsel, disclosure counsel and underwriter�s counsel on financings, including general obligation bonds and revenue bonds for transportation, water, sewer, power and tax increment projects. Her practice focuses on public finance transactions for state agencies, counties, cities, urban renewal agencies, school and special districts, and tribal governments. Her experience also includes conduit 501(c)(3) financings, full faith and credit or limited tax obligations, private bank placements, and shortterm obligations, including notes and lines of credit.
Robert Feyer is a Senior Counsel in the Public Finance Department of Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP�s San Francisco office, with more than 37 years of experience representing issuers and underwriters of municipal bonds.� For most of this time Mr. Feyer has been the senior bond and disclosure counsel for the State of California, the largest issuer of municipal debt in the U.S.� Mr. Feyer is a frequent panelist on municipal finance and disclosure matters, including the Bond Buyer�s recent Webinar on the SEC Municipalities Continuing Disclosure Cooperation initiative.� Mr. Feyer is a member of the National Association of Bond Lawyers (Securities Law Committee) and the American College of Bond Counsel.
The guidance points out that the pandemic could also pose threats to ethical standards, and accountants may find it challenging with the changing laws and regulations pertaining to COVID-19. They may come under pressure to breach the principles of professional competence, due care and professional behavior. “Those who perform audits of financial statements may face additional challenges as well, including considerations related to auditor independence,” said the document. During the pandemic, accountants also might not have access to the usual resources they have at their offices to ensure competent performance, and they may need to turn to outside specialists to help them perform certain tasks or undertake some engagements.
The publication was developed by the staff of the AICPA under the auspices of a working group formed by the IESBA and national ethics standard setters from Australia, Canada, China, South Africa, the U.K. and the U.S. The working group was chaired by IESBA deputy chair Richard Fleck with the goal of developing implementation support resources to help accountants effectively apply the International Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (including International Independence Standards) when facing circumstances created by the COVID-19 pandemic. IESBA and IAASB staff also provided their input. The working group plans to develop more COVID-19 guidance in the weeks ahead.
