The Internal Revenue Service released guidance this month to clarify the accounting treatment of payments under the Paycheck Protection Program and caused some consternation among some small businesses and tax experts. Many business owners who applied for loans under the PPP had the expectation the loans would be forgiven as long as their employees were paid for eight weeks, and the businesses would be able to write off their expenses as they traditionally have been able to do. The guidance puts this in doubt.
Notice 2020-32 clarifies that no deduction is allowed under the Internal Revenue Code for an expense that is otherwise deductible if the payment of the expense results in forgiveness of a covered loan under the CARES Act. The income associated with the forgiveness is excluded from gross income.
Chris Moschovitis is chief executive of tmg-emedia and co-author of “History of the Internet: 1843 to the Present.” He is working on his latest book “Cybersecurity Program Development for Business: The Essential Planning Guide,” to be published by Wiley later this year.
As special counsel, Zoe Sharp advises Board Member Lewis H. Ferguson on all matters that come before the Board for decision. Prior to becoming Special Counsel in March 2013, Ms. Sharp worked as counsel in the Division of Enforcement and Investigations. In that role, she assisted in investigation and litigation of possible violations of the PCAOB rules and other applicable securities laws and professional standards. Before joining the PCAOB in March 2012, Ms. Sharp was an assistant general counsel at Sallie Mae, Inc. She also practiced as a general litigator at Williams & Connolly LLP. Earlier, Ms. Sharp served as a law clerk to Judge Sidney H. Stein of the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York.
Lewis H. Ferguson was appointed by the Securities and Exchange Commission to be a member of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board in January 2011. In April of 2015, he began a four year term as Chair of the Global Public Policy Committee Working Group of the International Forum of Independent Audit Regulators (IFIAR). From April 2013-April 2015, he served as Chair of IFIAR following a one-year term as vice chair. From 2004 to 2007, Mr. Ferguson served as the first General Counsel of the PCAOB. Before joining the PCAOB as a Board Member, Mr. Ferguson was a partner in the law firm of Gibson Dunn & Crutcher LLP, where he focused on securities regulation, disclosure issues and corporate governance matters. Earlier from 1979 to 1994 and from 1998 to 2004, he was a partner at the law firm of Williams & Connolly LLP, specializing in corporate transactions, securities enforcement matters and representation of audit committees and boards of directors. From 1994 to 1998, he was Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Director of Wright Medical Technology. Mr. Ferguson also has been a Director at several public and private companies, primarily in the medical device and technology areas. He was an Adjunct Professor of Law at the Georgetown University Law School.
Under section 1106(b) of the CARES Act, a recipient of a covered loan can receive forgiveness of indebtedness on the loan in an amount equal to the sum of payments made for the following expenses — payroll costs, any payment of interest on any covered mortgage obligation, any payment on any covered rent obligation and any covered utility payment — during the eight-week “covered period” beginning on the covered loan’s origination date.
The Paycheck Protection Program was designed to provide economic relief for businesses in the wake of COVID-19. If the requirements of section 1106(b) are met, PPP proceeds are excluded from taxable income and the corresponding PPP expenses that are essentially being reimbursed are not tax deductible despite being classified as ordinary expenses under section 162 of the Tax Code. Thus, PPP funding is a tax-exempt “wash” — PPP expenses are not tax deductible to the extent of tax-exempt PPP income. Since “PPP wages” are not currently tax deductible under the program, it will be interesting to see how businesses will be directed to prepare W-2s for 2020.
The CARES Act provides for the payment of fees from PPP funds for the processing of applications on a sliding scale beginning at a rate of 5 percent for loans up to $350,000. These fees have generally become earmarked for banks and other financial institutions despite the hope that many accounting and legal professionals would be eligible for these fees for services rendered in assisting clients to generate the needed paperwork throughout the application process. Banks are receiving tens of millions of dollars in fees from PPP funds to process loans for which they are not at risk. Banks are also collecting transfer fees from PPP funds when these proceeds are wired into business accounts.
The CARES Act legislation stimulus checks were processed based upon Form 1040 filings — essentially bypassing an application process. Similarly, perhaps PPP funding would be more efficiently disbursed if allocations were based upon prior Form 941 filings instead of assessing the same payroll information through a costly application process. Another relief measure would be to allow businesses to take tax deductions for PPP expenses despite the tax-exempt nature of PPP proceeds.
