In a pandemic environment, longstanding transfer pricing policies can lead to suboptimal tax results. Multinationals that incur losses in some locations while earning generous profits in others could be overpaying taxes. For many companies, modifications to intercompany pricing that reduce taxes payable and utilize losses are overlooked tax savings opportunities.
A multinational company's transfer prices of goods, royalties, services and loans affect where profits are generated, or the losses incurred in each country. For companies impacted by COVID-19, an assessment of estimated taxes payable and losses by country can highlight tax savings opportunities.
Kimberlee Cornett is the director of impact investments at the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.
Byron Storms has served as president and CEO of Aspire General Insurance Services and Aspire General Insurance Company since August 2015. Prior to joining Aspire General Insurance, he was the president of property & casualty at National General Management Corp from 2012 to 2015. From 2007 to 2012, Storms was president and CEO of ClearSide General Insurance Services, LLC, which was acquired in November 2011 by National General. Storms has a proven track record of assembling strong teams, integrating and implementing technology solutions that create core operational strength, and supporting effective growth.
Evan Croen is head of Bloomberg Tax, where he leads product development for the division's software and research solutions. He played a central role in the company's recent expansion into corporate direct tax solutions with the acquisition of Tax Prodigy's provision software and the launch of Bloomberg Tax Workpapers. Prior to taking this position, he served in strategy, operations, and content roles within Bloomberg Industry Group's law and government businesses. Before joining Bloomberg, he worked at The Boston Consulting Group, a leading global management consultancy.
For many cross-border businesses, well-established policies have facilitated the pricing of intercompany goods, royalties, and services transactions over many years. However, even the most robust transfer pricing policies were not designed for pandemic-driven closures. As a result, multinational companies have a high global effective tax rate even when incurring company-wide losses. Paying unnecessary income tax bills is particularly painful for those companies already short on cash.
Tangible tax savings
An example may best illustrate the potential for savings from revisiting transfer pricing policies in the wake of the pandemic. In this situation, a wholly owned manufacturer relies on a sizeable cost-plus margin policy when selling inventory to the parent company.
For a subsidiary in a 30 percent tax rate jurisdiction, a $2 million reduction in transfer prices leads to $600,000 in tax savings by utilizing tax-inefficient parent company losses. Corrections to royalty rates and service fees have similar impacts. The result is the same: utilizing tax net operating losses in Country A while reducing Country B’s taxes. That being said, there does need to be economic substance to justify these changes.
Implementing tax savings
Utilizing tax NOLs in Country A while paying fewer income taxes in Country B is, at first glance, a straightforward concept. However, implementing corrections to transfer pricing often requires some planning. In my experience, senior management on both sides of the border needs to be involved in the decision-making process. Other issues, such as adjustments to Customs entries, are additional complications. Transfer pricing documentation is often well-advised support for changes to transfer prices.
Tax auditors may have questions about why transfer prices have changed. COVID-19 has transformed the global business environment, but preparing support to quantify the pandemic's impact on a company is advisable. Furthermore, making modifications before year-end is less complicated than afterward.
Now more than ever, multinational companies should consider modifications to transfer prices when assessing their global effective tax rate; however, changes to cross-border taxes need to be explained. While there are some complications, cash and tax savings can be well worth the effort.
