In a pandemic environment, longstanding transfer pricing policies can lead to suboptimal tax results. Multinationals that incur losses in some locations while earning generous profits in others could be overpaying taxes. For many companies, modifications to intercompany pricing that reduce taxes payable and utilize losses are overlooked tax savings opportunities.
A multinational company's transfer prices of goods, royalties, services and loans affect where profits are generated, or the losses incurred in each country. For companies impacted by COVID-19, an assessment of estimated taxes payable and losses by country can highlight tax savings opportunities.
Robert Smithson is the founder and CEO of Just Insure, a pay-per-mile insurance technology company that uses telematics to set prices, rewarding safe drivers and reducing bias. A successful entrepreneur, Robert also founded PythonAnywhere, a leading Python platform-as-a-service, and Genius Sports Group, which was sold for $280 million in 2018.
Prior to his entrepreneurship, Robert held several fund management positions including investment director at GAM, a pure-play asset management group headquartered in Zurich. He was also a partner at both THS Partners and Arete Research in the United Kingdom.
Robert graduated from Cambridge University with a degree in philosophy and currently resides in Los Angeles, California where Just Insure is headquartered.
Anneliese Lederer is director of fair lending at the National Community Reinvestment Coalition.
SaVion Harris joined Intercontinental Wealth Advisors as a financial advisor in the summer of 2021 after graduating from the University of Texas at San Antonio with a Bachelor of Business Administration degree in Finance. During his time at UTSA, he was a student-athlete as a member of the football team and had dreams of playing in the NFL. He currently helps manage client assets, working to truly understand clients’ situations, goals, and dreams — helping them envision their future and then take the steps to make it a reality. He has attained his Texas Life Insurance license as well as his Series 65 Uniform Investment Adviser Law license.
For many cross-border businesses, well-established policies have facilitated the pricing of intercompany goods, royalties, and services transactions over many years. However, even the most robust transfer pricing policies were not designed for pandemic-driven closures. As a result, multinational companies have a high global effective tax rate even when incurring company-wide losses. Paying unnecessary income tax bills is particularly painful for those companies already short on cash.
Tangible tax savings
An example may best illustrate the potential for savings from revisiting transfer pricing policies in the wake of the pandemic. In this situation, a wholly owned manufacturer relies on a sizeable cost-plus margin policy when selling inventory to the parent company.
For a subsidiary in a 30 percent tax rate jurisdiction, a $2 million reduction in transfer prices leads to $600,000 in tax savings by utilizing tax-inefficient parent company losses. Corrections to royalty rates and service fees have similar impacts. The result is the same: utilizing tax net operating losses in Country A while reducing Country B’s taxes. That being said, there does need to be economic substance to justify these changes.
Implementing tax savings
Utilizing tax NOLs in Country A while paying fewer income taxes in Country B is, at first glance, a straightforward concept. However, implementing corrections to transfer pricing often requires some planning. In my experience, senior management on both sides of the border needs to be involved in the decision-making process. Other issues, such as adjustments to Customs entries, are additional complications. Transfer pricing documentation is often well-advised support for changes to transfer prices.
Tax auditors may have questions about why transfer prices have changed. COVID-19 has transformed the global business environment, but preparing support to quantify the pandemic's impact on a company is advisable. Furthermore, making modifications before year-end is less complicated than afterward.
Now more than ever, multinational companies should consider modifications to transfer prices when assessing their global effective tax rate; however, changes to cross-border taxes need to be explained. While there are some complications, cash and tax savings can be well worth the effort.
